Weighing the Risks of Nuclear Energy and Climate Change: Trust in Different Information Sources,Perceived Risks,and Willingness to Pay for Alternatives to Nuclear Power

We examined how individuals perceive nuclear energy in the context of climate change mitigation and how their perceptions are associated with trust in different risk information sources. We analyzed the interrelationships between trust, perceived risk of nuclear power, climate change concern, perception of nuclear energy as an acceptable way to mitigate climate change, and willingness to pay (WTP) for alternatives to nuclear power. A nationwide survey (N = 967) collected in Finland was analyzed with structural equation modeling. The associations between trust and perceived risk of nuclear power, climate change concern, and perception of nuclear power as a way to mitigate climate change varied by the type of information source. Political party support and other background variables were associated with trust in different information sources. The effect of trust in information sources on WTP was mediated by perceived risks and benefits. The results will increase our understanding of how individuals perceive nuclear energy as a way to cut CO₂ emissions and the role of trust in different information sources in shaping nuclear risk perceptions and energy choices.     

Crafting the expert-advocate: training and recruitment efforts in the carbon dioxide capture and storage community

This article presents a case study of recruitment efforts around carbon capture and storage (CCS) to explore how expert communities internalize the societal dimensions of envisioned pathways for energy transitions. Members of the CCS community see the technology’s realization as being dependent on traversing a range of “barriers”, such as public fears and resistance that exacerbate struggles for policy support. Community-supported training venues prime recruits for practical interventions that target these barriers. Events also uphold necessary interpretive flexibilities that support heterogeneous advocacy coalition with at times diverging interests in energy transitions. The concept of expert-advocates, experts primed for interventions across technical-social systems, is proposed as a new analytic aid for future studies of socially reflexive expert communities.     

德国能源证书认证体系及其对我国低碳监管的启示--基于德国2009节能条例（EnEV2009）之规定

德国能源证书认证体系是针对建筑物的能耗和碳排放开展的低碳标准监管，对于我国的低碳监管具有现实的借鉴意义。在能源证书监管体系中多种监管方式相互配合形成了一个高效的监管体系；将社会力量引入能源证书监管体系，充分发挥能源证书监管体系各方当事人的主观能动性，极大地提高了监管效率；监管方式有利于监管机构主要致力于核心监管事项，监管机构将现有建筑物能源证书的签发权授予了建筑能源领域的专业人员，同时也将与之相适应的责任转移给了这些专业人员。     

2013-2014年中国能源流分析

依据中国能源平衡表（2014年和2015年）绘制并分析了中国能源流图，按能源类别概述了能源生产、供给和消费及其在部门间的转换和流动状况，重点列出煤炭调入调出量在1千万吨以上的省份；分析了全国各省煤炭、电力的区域调动情况；阐明中国在世界能源发展中的地位及各能源品种在中国的发展状况。通过能源流图看出，2014年能源供应增长1.52%，消费增速跌至1998年以来的最低水平；2013年和2014年中国石油对外依存度均在60%以上；天然气利用在中国起步较晚，未来还有较大增长潜力；中国煤电占总发电量的75%，气电与主要发达国家的24%相差甚远；此外，全国各省中6省煤炭、电力净调出与5省煤炭、电力净调入形成鲜明对比。     

Expanding the Reach of Participatory Risk Management: Testing an Online Decision‐Aiding Framework for Informing Internally Consistent Choices

This article presents research aimed at developing and testing an online, multistakeholder decision‐aiding framework for informing multiattribute risk management choices associated with energy development and climate change. The framework was designed to provide necessary background information and facilitate internally consistent choices, or choices that are in line with users’ prioritized objectives. In order to test different components of the decision‐aiding framework, a six‐part, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted, yielding eight treatment scenarios. The three factors included: (1) whether or not users could construct their own alternatives; (2) the level of detail regarding the composition of alternatives users would evaluate; and (3) the way in which a final choice between users’ own constructed (or highest‐ranked) portfolio and an internally consistent portfolio was presented. Participants’ self‐reports revealed the framework was easy to use and providing an opportunity to develop one's own risk‐management alternatives (Factor 1) led to the highest knowledge gains. Empirical measures showed the internal consistency of users’ decisions across all treatments to be lower than expected and confirmed that providing information about alternatives’ composition (Factor 2) resulted in the least internally consistent choices. At the same time, those users who did not develop their own alternatives and were not shown detailed information about the composition of alternatives believed their choices to be the most internally consistent. These results raise concerns about how the amount of information provided and the ability to construct alternatives may inversely affect users’ real and perceived internal consistency.     

天然气应用与节能减排

文章着重介绍了天然气应用对我国节能减排的重要目标实现的影响作用,并进一步分析了当前天然气发电行业的现状和应用前景,并根据相应的统计数据和资料,给出了作者的分析结论。     

消费补贴对新能源汽车供应链研发的传导效应研究

各级政府投入千亿资金对新能源汽车产业进行的消费补贴,培育了消费市场,但是否促进了新能源汽车产业链的技术进步需要进一步研究。以2010～2020年间A股上市的汽车供应链238家企业为样本,采用倾向得分匹配法和多元回归方法,实证研究新能源汽车消费补贴对新能源整车上游零部件制造企业研发投入和研发产出的传导和激励效应。研究发现,设定技术门槛的消费补贴能够推动新能源供应链的技术创新行为,专利增长率和研发投入未跟随技术创新难度增大而呈现规律性波动,消费补贴促进了上游供应链企业持续加大研发投入,提高研发产出,在补贴退坡之后,企业的研发强度依然能够保持。研究表明,为扶持新能源汽车产业发展,政府需要继续重视新兴产业的消费补贴,利用资金传导传递市场预期的积极信息,激励企业技术研发行为; 当产业发展趋向稳定,政府的消费补贴可以逐渐退坡,通过非货币补贴政策、加大相关基础设施建设等继续传递政策支持信号,激励企业持续进行技术创新,从而促进新能源汽车产业持续高质量发展。     

Demographic Dynamics and Per Capita Environmental Impact: Using Panel Regressions and Household Decompositions to Examine Population and Transport

This paper examines how demographic changes can help explain changes/differences in personal transport using both International Energy Agency country panel regressions and decompositions of U.S. household data. An environmental Kuznets curve for per capita road energy use was rejected; instead, the relationship between income and road energy was found to be monotonic. The ideas that more densely populated countries have less personal transport demands, the young drive more, and smaller households mean higher per capita driving were confirmed. The household decompositions indicated that changes in demand were more important than compositional changes; yet, during some periods the compositional change component was considerable.     

太阳能楼道照明系统设计及其前景分析

为了适应时代发展的要求,努力开发和利用新能源,达到节能减排、保护环境的目的,实现节能减排与保护环境的一体化。设计了一类太阳能楼道照明系统,通过此类系统可以实现捕捉光并对光加以收集,然后通过光线管道将光导通到各个楼道中,从而达到照明楼道的作用。最后,对该类系统的应用前景进行了分析。     

东北地区碳排放与产业结构关系的实证研究——基于1995—2012年数据分析

近年来,作为老工业基地的东北地区由于高耗能的重工业比重较大,经济发展过度依赖第二产业,在经济高速发展的同时,碳排放量也在逐年增加,成为全国碳排放的重灾区。产业结构不合理问题已经成为制约该区域低碳经济发展的主要瓶颈。采用协整分析,基于东北地区1995—2012年碳排放强度和产业结构的时间序列数据,对东北地区碳排放与产业结构的关系进行实证研究,得出东北地区碳排放与产业结构存在长期均衡关系,且第二产业发展是碳排放量增加的主要原因。东北地区应降低第二产业比重,大力发展第三产业和绿色农业;开发利用低碳技术,实现设备低碳升级;提高新型能源替代率,改变化石能源为主的能源消耗格局。